![]() Development of an immunosuppressant drug, cyclosporine A, made transplants a more viable option for patients. Reports of organs being removed from executed prisoners in China for sale internationally had been circulating since the mid-1980s, when a 1984 regulation made it legal to harvest organs from convicted criminals with the consent of the family or if the body goes unclaimed. The world-wide shortage has encouraged some countries-such as India-to trade in human organs. Ĭhina is not alone in encountering donation difficulties demand outstrips supply in most countries. Organ donation, however, has met resistance, and involuntary organ donation is illegal under Chinese law, as it is against Chinese tradition and culture, which attach symbolic life affirming importance to the kidney and heart. China explores innovative surgery, such as the world's first flesh and bone face transplant, performed by Professor Guo Shuzhong. Though the number of transplants fell to under 11,000 annually by 2005, China still has one of the largest transplant programmes in the world. Ĭhina itself began organ transplantation in the 1960s, which grew to an annual peak of over 13,000 transplants in 2004 and, despite some deaths from infection and hepatitis, the transplant programme has been successful in saving many lives. Globally, pioneering experimental studies in the surgical technique of human organ transplantation were made in the early 1900s by the French surgeon Alexis Carrel, and successful transplants starting spreading worldwide after the Second World War. 3.3 Allegations of organ harvesting in Xinjiang.3.2 Allegations of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners.3.1 Organs sourced from prisoners sentenced to death.In 20, media investigations and academic analysis into these allegations increased. In 2013, Huang Jiefu altered his position on utilizing prisoners' organs, stating that death row prisoners should be allowed to donate organs and should be integrated into the new computer-based organ allocation system. #Dr.damon noto trialThe condemned prisoners have been described as "not a proper source for organ transplants" by Vice-Health Minister Huang Jiefu, and in March 2010, he announced the trial of China's first organ donation program starting after death, jointly run by the Red Cross Society and the Ministry of Health, in 10 pilot regions. ĭespite these initiatives, China Daily reported in August 2009 that approximately 65% of transplanted organs still came from death row prisoners. In 2008, a liver-transplant registry system was established in Shanghai, along with a nationwide proposal to incorporate information on individual driving permits for those wishing to donate their organs. In 2007, China issued regulations banning the commercial trading of organs, and the Chinese Medical Association agreed that the organs of prisoners should not be used for transplantation, except for members of the immediate family of the deceased. In December 2005, China's Deputy Health Minister acknowledged that the practice of removing organs from executed prisoners for transplants was widespread. An initial investigation stated "the source of 41,500 transplants for the six year period 2000 to 2005 is unexplained" and concluded that "there has been and continues today to be large scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners". In 2006, allegations emerged that many Falun Gong practitioners had been killed to supply China's organ transplant industry. These concerns resurfaced in 2001, when a Chinese asylum-seeking doctor testified that he had taken part in organ extraction operations. Growing concerns about possible ethical abuses arising from coerced consent and corruption led medical groups and human rights organizations, by the 1990s, to condemn the practice. Involuntary organ harvesting is illegal under Chinese law though, under a 1984 regulation, it became legal to remove organs from executed criminals with the prior consent of the criminal or permission of relatives. Organ transplantation in China has taken place since the 1960s, and is one of the largest organ transplant programmes in the world, peaking at over 13,000 liver and kidney transplants a year in 2004. Trend in kidney and liver transplants in the People's Republic of China (1997–2007) ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |